Wednesday, November 4, 2020

Obstructed

 

The following excerpt is a section from my senior thesis explaining some of the background of obstructive sleep apnea. OSA is a very interesting disease with greater ramifications than what we would consider poor sleep. Those who suffer from it go to great lengths to find lasting treatment and for good reason. Feedback is more than welcome.

Obstructive sleep apnea is a condition that can manifest itself into a great number of comorbidities. The most common associated diseases are hypertension, cardiovascular disease and kidney damage (Gupta, 2014; Poonit 2018). Many of the comorbidities of OSA are most tightly linked to the destruction of normal sleeping patterns in the patient. Sleep is how the body heals and protects itself against greater damage in the future, without this process working efficiently things are bound to go wrong. Even though it’s one of the bodies most important processes, it’s hard for those suffering from OSA to identify their symptoms to begin with. It’s been found that many people who suffer from OSA are unaware of their condition and even after diagnosis, daytime-sleepiness commonly persists to the point of encroaching on their everyday life (Waldmen et al, 2020). The difficulty in diagnosis, paired with the severity of comorbidities are what make obstructive sleep apnea such a destructive disease. Sufferers of the disease are overtaken by a constant malaise that can feasibly make it harder to fix the root of the issue in the first place; resulting in a vicious cycle of mental and physical decline. Due to the enhanced risk for cardiovascular and other related diseases, patients with OSA are subjected to potentially much higher healthcare costs than those without OSA or those who can actively manage the condition (Kao et al. 2015). For this reason, treatment of OSA is paramount to nipping other conditions that may arise down the road in the bud. If untreated, it can only lead to greater health issues which in turn accrue greater cost of healthcare for the individual and insurance agencies.

Gupta, M. A., & Knapp, K. (2014). Cardiovascular and psychiatric morbidity in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with insomnia (sleep apnea plus) versus obstructive sleep apnea without insomnia: A case-control study from a nationally representative US sample. PLoS ONE, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090021

Kao, L.-T., Lee, H.-C., Lin, H.-C., Tsai, M.-C., & Chung, S.-D. (2015). Healthcare service utilization by patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A population-based study. PLoS ONE, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137459

Poonit, N. D., & Cai, X. H. (2018). The relation and mechanism of kidney injury in obstructive sleep apnea: A literature review. Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 16(2), 151–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-018-0146-x

Waldman, L. T., Parthasarathy, S., Villa, K. F., Bron, M., Bujanover, S., & Brod, M. (2020). Understanding the burden of illness of excessive daytime sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea: A qualitative study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18(1), 128. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01382-4


2 comments:

  1. Hey!
    This is very interesting. It seems that obstructed sleep apnea is a very common syndrome in the population with over 3 million cases each year. It seems that it is common for middle age men, in which they have a partial or complete collapse of the upper airway. As recent advances in medication have occurred, it allowed for early recognition and diagnosis of the syndrome. When looking at the diagnosis and severe symptoms, including excessive daytime somnolence and the ability to cause cardiovascular mortality. It seems that there are some treatments that are currently present for Obstructive sleep apnea including continuous positive airway pressure. Nasal CPAP has been the most common symptom in alleviating sleep apnea. The technology allows the individual to maintain upper airway patency by allowing for pressure to enter at a critical value. Although the syndrome can not be totally alleviating in which they are required to use the device for almost their entire life, it provides them with “comfortable sleep.” Hopefully, with medical advances, we can possibly help these patients.

    Spicuzza, L., Caruso, D., & Di Maria, G. (2015, September). Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and its management. Retrieved November 07, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4549693/

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  2. This is a very interesting study and it is one that I had never heard of before. It makes me want to research more about this because I wonder how much sleep they are losing with this issue. If it closes their upper airway then is there possibly positions that they could sleep in that may alleviate some stress on their body for a slightly improved amount of sleep? I also wonder how wearing the device or medications that they take affect other parts of their body or their social interactions? It may be something that not a lot of people want to disclose to other people so are more people going to be willing to try different experimental medications to yield improved results? It is very sad to see that it is difficult to diagnose and I am glad I am more aware of it now. Thank you for this post and I hope to see further research on this topic so that people can begin to benefit from it and lead more normal and comfortable lives.

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